International network of cancer genome projects. Exploring the genomes of cancer cells: progress and promise. The application of this approach to the ever-growing datasets of somatic tumour mutations will support the continuous refinement of our knowledge of the genetic basis of cancer. Its application to somatic mutations of more than 28,000 tumours of 66 cancer types reveals 568 cancer genes and points towards their mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In this Review, we present the Integrative OncoGenomics (IntOGen) pipeline, an implementation of such an approach to obtain the compendium of mutational cancer drivers. A systematic approach combining several of these signals could lead to a compendium of mutational cancer genes. These deviations, which constitute signals of positive selection, may be detected by carefully designed bioinformatics methods, which have become the state of the art in the identification of driver genes. Because cancer driver genes are under positive selection in tumorigenesis, their observed patterns of somatic mutations across tumours in a cohort deviate from those expected from neutral mutagenesis.
Since the 1970s, the list of cancer genes has been growing steadily. One milestone towards this objective is the identification of all the genes with mutations capable of driving tumours. This is key to developing more efficient cancer detection methods and therapeutic approaches. A fundamental goal in cancer research is to understand the mechanisms of cell transformation.
0 kommentar(er)
